Why classical myth and autism?

Why classical myth and autism?

The idea for this project started to take shape at a meeting in 2008 with a special needs teacher, who mentioned that, in her experience and those of her colleagues, autistic children often enjoy classical myth. I began to wonder why this might be the case, and whether – as a classicist who researches, and loves, classical myth – there was anything I could contribute. I started this blog to report on my progress which was often sporadic until the launch of the Warsaw-based European Research Council-funded project Our Mythical Childhood (2016-22) to trace the role of classics in children’s culture.

My key contribution to the project is an exploration of classics in autistic children’s culture, above all by producing myth-themed activities for autistic children. This blog shares my progress, often along Herculean paths, including to a book of lessons for autistic children focusing on the Choice of Hercules between two very different paths in life. The image above, illustrating the homepage of this blog, is one of the drawings by Steve K. Simons, the book's illustrator, of a chimneypiece panel in a neoclassical villa at Roehampton in South West London. The lessons centre on this panel.

Tuesday, 30 November 2021

Autism and classical myth: now on video...

As I've mentioned a few times this autumn, students I'm teaching for a module on classical myth are blogging as their assessment for the module. As I have written postings to date, I have done so with their assignments in mind including to give a flavour of what academic blogging can look like - while stressing that other blogs are available. 

The students also have an option of an another pathway - of creating a video diary. I've been meaning to share some videos of me talking, again to show how videoing *can* - not necessarily should - be done. And, now, by coincidence, colleagues at the Our Mythical Childhood project have created a YouTube channel for the Acclaim Network. It includes to date two videos where I'm talking, with more to follow. 

In the first that should come up by clicking the link, I'm zooming into a conference in Israel in June 2021 to talk about the lessons I was then completing for autistic children based around an episode involving Hercules facing a choice between two pathways. 


You will see me holding up objects including a statue, sharing a concern about filibustering myself, defending colouring-in activities, talking about emotions and autism, sharing what's happened when autistic children encounter Hercules, including via Disney, and talking - including in the screenshot above - about the object on which the lessons focus: a Choice of Hercules chimneypiece panel 5 minutes from my office in Grove House, Roehampton...

The other video is earlier - from several years back, in 2014, before I had become struck that the panel in Grove House might become a focus of the lessons for autistic children I was tentatively planning. I had already become deeply interested in the panel - and in the video I share that interest with Dr Anastasia Bakogianni of Classics Confidential.

More videos to follow - including of me zooming into events at Manchester Metropolitan University, King's College London and the University of Reading...


Monday, 15 November 2021

Neurodiverse Classics: constructive connections

I write with news: this blog's topic will be on the programme of next April's Classical Association conference

Back in the summer, I had a very enjoyable time building up a proposal along with a group of classicists beyond and within 'the academy' for a panel on neurodiversity and classics. I would have loved to have mentioned this at the time, but decided that I had better not, in case the proposal didn't find its way onto the programme. 

But it wasn't turned down - we recently heard the good news that the panel has been accepted. And so I am now, at last, about to share the proposal. I'll start with an image from one of the hosts of the panel: Asterion, the Minotaur.


Asterion!

And here's the proposal:

The pandemic and lockdown have focussed attention on inequalities in society, and perhaps especially in the educational sector. Students in schools and beyond have reacted very variously to online provision, and some neurodivergent students have been able to flourish online. Social anxiety has been reduced, and different ways of learning have been accommodated (e.g. repetition of material via online hosting). This panel brings together students, lecturers, teachers and heritage professionals to explore ‘constructive connections’ between neurodiversity and classics.

In order to exemplify the kind of inclusive practices that work for many neurodivergent classicists, as well as for others, the panel proposes a variety of complementary formats. We plan a series of short, pre-recorded videos on the topics listed below, to be hosted by the CA in advance of and during the conference. Asterion, a new online space celebrating neurodiversity in classics, will host a series of blogposts as part of a week-long event on the theme of ‘constructive connections’, ideally in partnership with the CA. Comments and questions on these and on the videos will be invited from conference participants, and these will be addressed and discussed by a roundtable of the panellists, in a live online session of the conference. If the CA prefers that this live session be in-person, panel members will accommodate that, but it is important to note that the online dimension fosters and exemplifies good practice for neurodivergent classicists. Finally, panel members will be happy to staff a table or stall during the conference, in person, in order to engage in-person attendees with the videos and blog, and to foster further networking among those interested in neurodiversity and classics.

Topics for videos:

Justin Biggi, How classics helped navigate neurodiverse diagnoses, how my neurodiversity informs my understanding of the classics.

Susan Deacy, The ACCLAIM: Autism Connecting CLAssically-inspired Mythology Network and classical myth resources for autistic children.

Cora Beth Fraser, The Relaxed Tutorial Project: designing inclusive approaches to online teaching in universities.

Laura Jenkinson, Making things easier for Neurodiverse school pupils

Claudina Romero Mayorga, Tactile and multisensorial teaching tools in museums

Ben Tanner, Resources for teaching classics online

Justine T. Wolfenden, Asterion: the case for a network to celebrate and support neurodiversity in Classics 

I very much anticipate blogging further about the panel as April nears...

Monday, 1 November 2021

Gods are strange...


Like my previous few postings this autumn, the current one responds to the most recent topic on the Myths and Mythology module I am currently teaching at Roehampton. I have posted previously on myth and community and on myth and gender, always in relation to an autistic 'lens'. 

This current posting relates to the most recent session, which was on myth and gods. I'm going to continues with reference to an autistic lens but only briefly for now. I'm going to set out some initial ideas and then build on these in later postings. At least that's the plan - and if the plan changes, for example, in response to something that comes up in class that stirs me into blogging about it (compare the previous posting!), I'll set out why...

We discussed in class how ancient gods are entities that modern people often try too hard to make sense of, in part because these deities are so much a part of 'Western' culture. However, as we discussed, ancient gods are strange. They were strange to the ancients who venerated and mythologised them. They are stranger than modern scholarship often allows.

In upcoming postings I plan to look into this strangeness in relation to the two female personages - goddesses? personifications? women? - that Herakles (himself 'god' and 'hero') encounters at a curious place - a parting of the roads.

It is an encounter that - including because of its strangeness, and because of the strangeness of its gods - can resonate with being autistic. More to come on this point... For now, including to give a few scholarly perspectives, here are three instances where strangeness *is* part of the study of ancient gods.

1. A book by S.C. Humphreys whose title, The Strangeness of Gods, was inspired by an anthropological study of religion by Pascal Boyer which emphasises, according to Humphreys, that "what we call 'religion' is always an engagement with the unknown and extraordinary". Note that the cover image for this book - one of the three images that heads this posting - evokes such strangeness via a depiction of Herakles on a red-figure cup now in the Gregorian Etruscan Museum, Vatical city. Like when he reaches the crossroads, Herakles is here in another strange place, a bowl, which looks to be carrying him across the sea (unless the bowl happens 'just' to be painted with sea creatures and waves)...

2. The series Gods and Heroes of the Ancient World which is concerned with figures that are 'part of our culture' but 'has another aim too, to explore their strangeness'. I wrote this in 2017 ahead of the publication of several new volumes in the series, starting with Hermes by Arlene Allan. I'm currently, four years on , rewriting the foreword for the next volume due out. The familiarity vs strangeness point is one that I intend to keep in.

3. Thirdly, the chapter 'Analyzing Greek Gods' from Robert Parker's On Greek Religion which, in posing the question 'what is a Greek god?', includes a discussion of an image - now in the Staatliche Museum in Munich - of one of the major gods, indeed of a god so major that he can count as 'god' or even 'God', namely Zeus. As we discussed in class, Zeus is often depicted looking like an adult man, just one holding something extraordinary, the thunderbolt. But this is Zeus as a huge serpent - Zeus Meilichios - a Zeus who is strange (as Zeus always in fact is...).

More soon...




 

Friday, 15 October 2021

What I've found out today about the gender in the middle with implications for autism and myth

As I have mentioned previously, each week (or so...) this term, I am planning to do what I'm asking students on a mythology module I'm teaching to do - namely to blog on an aspect of the module, based around our weekly topics, ideally by taking a particular focus, with my focus being autism and myth.

Hula from c. 1915 - image details here.Why I have begun with a
photograph of the hula should come clear further down this posting...














I went into today's class, 'Myth and Gender' which was taught by my colleague Dr Jose Magalhaes, with particular ideas in mind - where I would look at how autism is very often regarded as associated with boys and men, leaving many girls and women undiagnosed, and at how autistic people can find that myth resonates with a sense of gender that does not fit a male-female binary.

I was going to bring in the reflections of Alis Rowe in her The Girl with the Curly Hair: Asperger's and Me (p.32) where she discusses 'all the confusion [she] felt about her gender' from the age of around 11. I probably WILL do this further down the road, while also sharing insights from other autistic women, including those diagnosed as adults.

But for now, as the session raised some issues that have taken me aback, I am gong to get some of what came up down - not least as what came up included an examination of cultures where the terms for sexuality and gender in Western vocabulary do not map. Asked how to define 'gender' and 'sexuality' and 'sex' one student, a study-abroad student who usually studies in Hawaii, mentioned a broarder spectrum in Hawaii. 

Fascinated by what he said about the gender, māhū, 'in the middle', I have done a very, very initial dive and learnt about how, across Pacific islands, there is a gender neither male nor female, and both male and female. 

I am also at the very early stages of finding out about where Polynesian gods might come in including the Hawaiian goddess Laka - who perhaps comparable with an Athena who danced the Pyrrike into being with her birth - bore the hula. 

More to follow... on all this I hope.


Friday, 8 October 2021

Myth, community, autism and getting going...

As I mentioned in the previous posting, the blogging I am planning this term is linked with a module I am teaching, on Fridays, on classical myth. Thus the focus will remain in line with 'autism and classical myth', the title of this blog, while being linked in some way with the module.

I explained in class today that I would be blogging including to give the students an example of academic blog writing while they get going with their own blogs for the module. For this week - and to continue a discussion started in class with some of the students around the potential for reflecting on issues linked with how we bring our own identities to what we study - I am going to say some introductory things about how I came to be blogging about autism as a classics academic interested in myth. 

Our focus today, in a session titled, 'Myth and Community', included a look at:

  • the power of historical/cultural contexts to shape mythic representations
  • the use of myths to serve particular social, cultural or political needs

This posting, correspondingly, will look at my autism project in relation to specific communities: the community of scholars I am working with, and the 'autism community' - a community often seen as having particular needs, needs which I am responding to in some cases - while also critiquing what it means to understand autism in relation to meeting needs. As I want to keep the posting relatively short, I'll probably reserve a discussion for this last point - a huge one, and one at the core of what I'm doing - for further down the line.

Our Mythical Childhood Community together in Warsaw (under Hercules) in - from memory - 2017

Again in the presence of Hercules - who is on the chimney piece panel behind - with Drs Katerina Volioti (left) and Sonya Nevin (right), in the Adam Room at Roehampton University at an event sharing our work for the Mythical Childhood Project at an event in 2017 marking 10 years of the European Research Council

This time in 2018, in Warsaw, with mythical childhood colleagues Professors Katarzyna Marciniak (left) and Bettina Kuemmerling-Meibaue 

2018 again, with Sonya Nevin and Steve Simons amid the myth-rich campus of the University of Warsaw

During the time I have been a university academic, ideas for new areas to investigate have sometimes come about unexpectedly, but an especially unexpected departure along a new research direction came in the late 2000s when I was in a meeting with a Special Needs teacher at a secondary school in the UK. The teacher mentioned something to me on finding out that I was a classicist who especially researched classical myth, namely that in her experience, it is classical myth that autistic children often find especially enjoyable in their studies. As I've shared a few times previously in this blog, I wondered why, and I then began to wonder whether – as someone coming from the perspective of a classics practitioner – I could make some kind of contribution to resources available for autistic children. 

Discovering classical myth was a formative moment in my childhood and myth became, from the age of around ten, an interest that took me into a world at once different from, and yet which resonated with, my own. In the wake of the meeting with the teacher, I began to wonder whether I could harness in some way my love of myth as something with many patterns, even rules, and yet as something elusive as well. I reached out to as many people as I could think of including dramatherapists and special needs teachers, and I kept getting encouraging responses. A result of these very initial enquiries was something that transformed various aspects of my practice, including taking on a role that I would not have thought to put myself up for previously, of departmental disability coordinator at by workplace, the University of Roehampton, London.

Where it started for me at around 10: with the world of Greek myth evoked in Roger Lancelyn Green's Tales of the Greek Heroes. The current edition is introduced by Rick Riordan, whose Percy Jackson mythical world has been discussed several times already in class

After a few months, spurred on by the support I was receiving I decided to start a blog on the topic in order to share my progress, making it clear that such progress might well be sporadic, and that I was starting the blog to set out my unfolding ideas, although at the time I was not sure quite what direction the research would take. But one advantage of blogging is the self-critique that it can foster, along with the opportunities to present research as it ongoing rather than solely presenting the final product.

 After several years of gradually developing my thinking and contemplating possible directions, my progress towards the current book came after I saw a notice about a project coordinated by an academic I did not yet know, Professor Katarzyna Marciniak of the University of Warsaw, on classical themes in post-Second World War Polish children’s literature. After I emailed Katarzyna to tell her how exciting the project looked, we began an exchange that grew into an idea to draw on work she was already doing breaking new ground into a research area she was helping pioneer, namely classical reception studies of children’s and Young Adult culture.

The result was an application, along with a team of academics at universities in Australia, Cameroon, Israel and Poland interested in particular areas of mythology, and culture at both ‘regional’ and ‘global’ levels – and what happens when children experience something ancient. My particular area for the proposed project – Our Mythical Childhood... The Reception of Classical Antiquity inChildren’s and Young Adults’ Culture in Response to Regional and GlobalChallenges – was to be specifically what can happen when autistic children experience classical myth. When we received the news from the funder we had applied to, the European Research Council, that our bid had been successful, the dream I had been nurturing of creating resources for autistic children turned into something I was now tasked to develop. 


I am currently finishing a book which marks the culmination of work I have been undertaking under the aegis of the Our Mythical Childhood: a book which presents a set of lessons involving Hercules, a figure who resonates with the topic of next week's Myth class - and thus, I anticipate, with the next blog posting. This topic is.... gender.

 


Monday, 4 October 2021

Myths, rainbow, nature, Hercules...



On Friday I taught the first class for Myths and Mythology, a module that has been at the heart of the classical syllabus at Roehampton during the 20 years that there has been classics at Roehampton, and which I've been convening for several years. The module is assessed via an academic blog, and as I like to practice what I preach, I'll be linking blog postings with that module over the next few weeks, always - I aim - with an autism focus.

Ideally, I'll be setting aside time to do this on Friday after class, but just like after last Friday, I might not always manage that. On Friday I didn't manage it for a good reason, namely a meeting with a teacher at a primary school in London to discuss a class at the school on one of the Hercules lessons I've developed. This session would take place during the spring term when the focus in the class in question is Ancient Greece. More to follow on what I'll be doing there, but in short, I'm excited!

For now let me get started with the Myths-related blogging with an appearance looking like Iris, a prism, which I couldn't stop my screen showing during a recent zoom session - thanks to the bright light which started flooding though my office window. A photo from one of the participants, Prof. Katarzyna Marciniak - who has been mentioned many times on this blog! - is at the top of this posting followed by another photo - a meta one - of this blog, which I showed during the session.

Let me continue with the abstract of a paper I recorded ahead of a conference which took place last week: 'Our Mythical Nature'. I'll share the recording of my paper soon, but for now... a taster:

Once, according to a story told by Socrates in Xenophon’s Memorabilia, Herakles reached a curious place at a crossroads where he sat, pondering which path – one of struggle or one of pleasure – to take in life. This paper explores how, via a focus on how nature – both in respect to the natural world and human nature – the episode can resonate with autistic children’s experiences including around entering new spaces, making choices and conceptualising causality. I discuss a set of lessons I have developed for the Our Mythical Childhood project, each focused around an aspect of the episode, each relating to a particular aspect of autistic children’s experiences, and each - like Hercules’s choice - connecting hard-work and fun.

More soon...

Monday, 9 August 2021

'Sounds like being autistic': how the 'classical tradition', especially myths of Hercules, resonates with autism - next month at King's College London, via zoom...

 I've just noted that the previous posting I made is dated exactly a month ago - I didn't plan such a gap, but have been caught up with a mixture of annual leave and article writing since then. Here is some news: I've this morning had the notification that I'll be giving a short pitch of a paper at a "Healing Classics" event next month. The event will be online and will consist of short presentations ahead of a longer, in-person, event at King's College London next year.

Details of the event are available here (as at 09.08.21)

And here is my title and abstract


'Sounds like being autistic': how the 'classical tradition', especially myths of Hercules, resonates with autism

This paper will look - though an autism lens - at a key commitment of 'Healing Classics' as set out in the Call For Papers, namely with 'the continuing creativity and vitality inherent in the classical tradition'. The focus will be around how - and why - classical myth can 'speak' to an autistic 'world' while helping autistic people make sense of the other, 'non-autistic' or 'neurotypical' world: the 'world' metaphor for being autistic or otherwise will be discussed during the paper. The paper, grounded in a social rather than medical model of disability, will not be concerned with any possibility of 'healing' via classics but with how classical themes can resonate with distinctive autistic ways of being and experience. The key classical theme for exploration will be myths of Hercules which - as I shall set out by discussing a set of activities I have designed for autistic children - have potential to resonate with autistic experiences including around causality, social interaction and processing and communicating emotions.


I'll end with some images from my Hercules activities which might speak particularly to a 'healing' aspect - and which I might well pick as illustrations for my paper. 

The drawings are all by Steve Simons - with the colour and captions of the third one by Anna Mik.